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D.L.I., D.G.I., And H.S.I.
Sample Introduction Techniques
We have numerous GC’s with a wide array of sample introduction and detection techniques at our disposal. Many of them are dedicated systems while some can be configured to an individual need and validated to comply with cGMP.
Sample introduction techniques are Direct Liquid Injection (DLI), Direct Gas Injection (DGI), and Headspace Injection (HSI).
The heart of the GC is its column and chemistry, and we can handle both conventional bore and capillary columns, along with column compartment cryogenic cooling.
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- On the detection end, we can use:
- FID, which measures ion per unit time making this a mass sensitive detector.
- TCD, which measures the reduction in thermal conductivity when compared to common carrier gases.
- ECD, which measures electron-absorbing components having high electronegativity such as halogenated compounds.
- EP Nitrogen, Low Oxygen
- NPD, which is a very selective method using thermal energy to ionize an analyte having only Nitrogen or Phosphorous in its structure.
- PDD, which is very chemically selective for monitoring high electron affinity compounds such halogen compounds, as well as aliphatics, aromatics, and amines.
- MSD, a mass sensitive detector requiring analyte ionization.
- A brief listing of custom projects we have performed for the pharmaceutical and biotechnical industries includes the following:
- Headspace GC-MS of finished liquid, solid and lyophilized drug product in sterile vials;
- Headspace GC-MS analysis for odor absorbing wound dressing efficiency; and
- Medical gas blends and isotopic enrichment determinations.
Custom Analytical Projects FAQ
We design and execute custom analytical projects for pharmaceutical and biotechnology clients, including:
Headspace GC-MS analysis of finished drug products
Odor/volatile compound evaluations
Medical gas blend verification
Isotopic enrichment determinations
Specialized impurity investigations
Each project is tailored to the specific scientific and regulatory needs of the client.
We operate multiple Gas Chromatography (GC) systems equipped with a wide array of sample introduction and detection techniques.
Some systems are dedicated to specific applications, while others can be configured and validated for project-specific requirements, including compliance with current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP).
We support multiple GC sample introduction methods, including:
Direct Liquid Injection (DLI) – for liquid samples
Direct Gas Injection (DGI) – for gaseous samples
Headspace Injection (HSI) – ideal for volatile compounds in liquids or solids
The appropriate technique is selected based on sample type and analytical objectives.
